The most common cause of rectal prolapse during infancy and childhood
is
A.
Polyps
B.
Parasitic infestation
C.
Cystic fibrosis
D.
Gluten enteropathy
E.
Meningomyelocele
132.
Excessive weight gain in a pregnant woman can indicate the presence
of which of the following congenital disorders in the fetus?
A.
Anencephaly
B.
Trisomy 18
C.
Duodenal atresia
D.
Renal agenesis
E.
A, B and C are correct
133.
A foreign body lodged in a child's trachea can cause hoarseness, cough,
and dyspnea. Other physical findings are likely to include
A.
An audible expiratory slap
B.
A palpable expiratory thud
C.
Asthmatoid wheezing
D.
Cyanosis
E.
All are correct
134.
Children
who have been abused in their home can develop which of the following
psychological reactions?
A.
Inability to sustain loving relationships
B.
Tendency to resort to provocation when dealing with loss
C.
Decreased threshold for impulsive behavior
D.
Tendency to seek affectionate attention from sexual contacts
E.
All are correct
135.
Very
shortly after birth, a baby develops abdominal distension and begins
to drool constantly. When sheis given her first feeding, formula
runs out the side of her mouth and she coughs and chokes. Physical
examination a few hours later reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions,
and bilateral pulmonary rales.
The
esophageal anomaly that most commonly causes the sighs and symptoms
exhibited by this infant is illustrated by
A.
Figure A
B.
Figure B
C.
Figure C
D.
Figure D
E.
Figure E
136.
A full-term
baby is born after a normal pregnancy ; delivery, however, is complicated
by marginal placental separation. AT twelve hours of age the child,
although appearing to be in good health, passes a bloody meconium
stool. For determining the etiology of the baby's melena, which of
the following diagnostic procedures should be performed first?
A.
A barium enema
B.
An apt test
C.
Gastric lavage with normal saline
D.
An upper gastrointestinal series
E.
A platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin
time
137.
At
the time of delivery of her child, a woman is noted tohave a
large volume of amniotic fluid. At six hours of age her baby
begins regurgitating small amounts of mucus and bile stained
fluid. Physical examination of the infant is normal, and an
abdominal x-ray is obtained (shown below). The most likely diagnosis
of this infant's disorder is
A.
Esophageal atresia
B.
Pyloric stenosis
C.
Gastric duplication
D.
Duodenal atresia
E.
Midgut volvulus
138.
A baby is born at term to a primigravid woman who has diabees mellitus.
The baby, whose physical examination at birth is normal, is noted
at 20hours of age to be pale and lethargic and to void grossly bloody
urine. Physical examination at this time reveals a left-flank mass
that is firm, lobulated, and about 10 cm. in diameter ; the mass is
opaque on transillumination. The most likely diagnosis is
A.
Acute adrenal hemorrhage
B.
Retrorenal hematoma
C.
Wilms' tumor
D.
Renal vein thrombosis
E.
Poly cystic kidney
139.
A diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is confirmed by
finding air in the bowel wall (pneumatosis intestinalis) on plain
x-ray of an infant's abdomen. Which of the following therapeutic approaches
would most likely be recommended?
A.
Immediate surgical resection of affected loops of bowel
B.
Reduction of the volume of feedings and administration of oral
and systemic antibiotics
C.
Reduction of the volume of feedings, administration of oral
and systemic antibiotics, and careful observation for bowel
perforation
D.
Discontinuation of feedings, administration of intravenous fluids
and oral and systemic antibiotics, and careful observation for
bowel perforation
E.
Discontinuation of feedings, administration of intravenous fluids
and oral and sytemic cortico-steroids, and careful observation
for bowel perforation
140.
Which
of the following statements about the baby pictured below is true?
A.
Parenteral alimentation is recommended to prevent aspiration
B.
Surgical closure of the palatal defect should be done in the
newborn period
C.
Good anatomic closure will preclude the development of speech
defects
D.
Recurrent otitis media and hearing loss are likely complications
E.
The chance that as a sibling also would be affected is 1 in
1,000
